小剂量HB疫苗注射次数对产生HBsAb的研究

本文进行小剂量HB疫苗注射次数对诱导机体产生HBsAb的研究结果发现，注射第5针后，HBsAb阳转率为83．56％，与大剂量（10μg）3针免疫法的HBsAb阳转率86．67％相接近。男性HBsAb阳转率为82．05％，女性阳转率为85．29％。注射3针后，再继续注射第4针及第5针时，HBsAb阳转率均有所提高，但注射第6针后，HBsAb阳转率仍与第5针相似，由此可见，小剂量HB疫苗免疫预防注射，以注射到第5针为宜。     

口服超氧化物歧化酶在生物体中的吸收

口服SOD可以引起生物体中SOD含量的增加,除了SOD作为完整大分子被生物体吸收外,似乎还存在着由SOD降解小分子激发的生物体自身SOD合成的机制。而红细胞对外源SOD的少量吸收主要是通过内吞胞饮作用实现的,整个过程可能是由红细胞膜上的SOD载体介导的。     

腭裂与中耳功能障碍的相关性

目的:探讨腭裂手术对患者中耳功能的影响,为早期改善患者中耳功能提供依据。方法:对112例(224耳)腭裂患者进行年龄分组,采用声导抗、纯音测听或听性脑干反应检查。65例腭裂伴分泌性中耳炎患者在作腭裂修复术的同时,行鼓室置管术,术前术后作听力学检测,术前对鼓室分泌物作细菌培养。结果:腭裂患者常伴有不同程度的中耳功能障碍,腭裂修复术能明显改善患者中耳功能(P<0.05)。鼓室分泌物G+、G-细菌培养阳性率为22.86%、23.53%,且多为低毒性条件致病菌。结论:腭裂患者常有中耳功能障碍,应重视其早期预防与治疗,早期修复腭裂有助于咽鼓管功能恢复。     

流式细胞术用于特比萘芬对着色芽生菌的药敏试验研究

探索建立快速、敏感、可靠的评价抗真菌药物活性的方法。 方法流式细胞术(FCM)检测不同药物浓度作用下各药物浓度管的荧光强度,根据荧光强度的梯度变化趋势,判定特比萘芬对7株着色芽生菌的抗菌活性。结果全部试验过程不足25h,所测最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与液基稀释法对比相差不超过3个倍比稀释浓度,两者有很好的一致性。结论FCM药敏试验具有快速、敏感、可靠的优点。     

铅降低机体抗病毒能力的实验研究

目的 探讨铅对机体抗病毒能力的影响。方法 采用体外和体内实验研究。结果 铅显著增强人胚肺细胞对呼吸道合胞病毒的敏感性,降低细胞对呼吸道合胞病毒的抵抗力;在动物实验中,铅染毒组动物肺部病毒滴度显著增加,肺部病变明显加重,肺指数显著增加。结论 铅可降低机体抗病毒能力,增强其对病毒的易感性。     

The amygdala: is it an essential component of the neural network for social cognition?

Observations from human subjects with focal brain lesions and animal subjects with experimental lesions have implicated a variety of brain regions in the mediation of social behavior. Previous studies carried out in the macaque monkey found that lesions of the amygdala not only decrease emotional reactivity but also disrupt normal social interactions. We have re-investigated the relationship between amygdala lesions and social behavior in cohorts of mature and neonatal rhesus monkeys who were prepared with selective and complete bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the amygdaloid complex. These animals display clear alterations in emotional and social behavior. We interpret these changes as due to a loss of the ability to evaluate environmental stimuli as potential threats. However, adult animals with bilateral lesions of the amygdala demonstrate normal, and even increased, social interactions with conspecifics. Moreover, neonatal animals, prepared with amygdala lesions at 2 weeks of age, also demonstrate species typical social behaviors such as the generation of facial expressions, grooming and play behavior. These results argue against the idea that the amygdala is essential for the interpretation of social communication or for the expression of social behavior. Because it does appear to participate in the evaluation of the "safety" of social interactions, we believe that it does have a role in modulating the amount of social behavior in which an organism will participate. However, our current answer to the question posed in the title of this paper is no!     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Enterococcus cecorum aortic valve endocarditis

We report a case of human aortic valve infective endocarditis caused by Enterococcus cecorum. The organism was recovered from blood and identified by 16S ribosomal gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of E. cecorum endocarditis. We wish to highlight the use of PCR for organism identification and to describe the initial misidentification of the pathogen.     

Age‐Related Differences of Organism‐Specific Peritonitis Rates: A Single‐Center Experience

Peritonitis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, but its incidence and the distribution of causative organisms vary widely between institutions and age groups. This study was performed to investigate the recent status and risk factors of PD‐related peritonitis and to clarify differences between age groups. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 119 PD patients treated at our department between January 2002 and January 2013. We calculated both overall and organism‐specific peritonitis rates and also analyzed risk factors. Sixty‐three episodes of peritonitis occurred during 261.5 patient‐years for an incident rate of 0.24 episodes/patient‐year. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (≥65 years) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/dL) were associated with an increased risk of peritonitis (P = 0.035 and P = 0.029, respectively). In elderly patients (≥65 years old), the rate of peritonitis due to Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria was 0.17 and 0.08 episodes/patient‐year, respectively, and Gram‐positive peritonitis was markedly more frequent than in younger patients (<65 years old). In particular, there was a high frequency of Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis in elderly patients (0.09 episodes/patient‐year) and it had a poor outcome. At our department, the risk of peritonitis was increased in older patients and patients with hypoalbuminemia. The distribution of causative organisms was markedly different between age groups and analysis of organism‐specific peritonitis rates helped to identify current problems with our PD program.     

CHK1基因对白念珠菌生物特性的影响

目的 研究白念珠菌组氨酸激酶基因CHK1基因对白念珠菌某些生物特性的影响.方法 观察CHK1基因突变菌株CHK21、CHK25、CHK26、CHK27的增殖、厚壁孢子形成、芽管形成能力和对刚果红耐受的情况.结果 CHK1基因突变株CHK25、CHK26、CHK27、CHK21的增生能力均低于标准株(6 h:1.36±0.86、1.25 ±0.84、1.05 ±0.79、0.90±0.74比1.54±0.89,P=0.000),CHK21菌株最为明显.CHK1基因突变菌株CHK21、CHK25、CHK26的芽管形成率均低于标准菌株(2 h:5.6％±2.0％、19.5％±6.9％、13.6％±4.8％比29.6％±10.5％,P=0.023、0.028、0.029).在无光线下,标准株和CHK26突变株在14 d形成的厚壁孢子数平均是为3和22个,有光线下分别为60和80个,CHK26形成厚壁孢子的能力比标准株强.无光线下CHK21株无厚壁孢子形成.CHK1基因突变株对刚果红敏感.结论 CHK1基因影响白念珠菌的增殖、厚壁孢子、菌丝的形成及对部分环境压力的耐受.